ALTERAÇÕES NO DESEMPENHO MUSCULAR DE MULHERES NAS DIFERENTES FASES DO CICLO MENSTRUAL: Uma revisão sistemática
Palavras-chave:
Ciclo menstrual, Força muscular, Fase folicular, Ovulação, Fase lutealResumo
Objetivo: Identificar alterações no desempenho de força muscular em mulheres nas diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual. Método: Foi realizada busca sistemática nas bases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Science Direct, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde e SciELO, utilizando termos relacionados ao ciclo menstrual (menstrual cycle, menstrual cycle phases) e às medidas de força (isokinetic strength, isometric strength, maximal strength, muscle strength, muscle power). A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada por meio da lista de verificação de Downs and Black. Resultados: Dos 453 registros identificados, 19 estudos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade, totalizando 393 mulheres eumenorreicas, com idades entre 18 e 36 anos. A qualidade metodológica foi predominantemente moderada a alta. Os achados foram heterogêneos entre os diferentes tipos de força. Na força isocinética, observou-se tendência de melhor desempenho nas fases ovulatória e/ou lútea, embora nem todos os estudos tenham identificado diferenças. A força dinâmica máxima (1RM) apresentou, em geral, estabilidade ao longo do ciclo. A força isométrica também demonstrou ausência de diferenças consistentes. Para potência muscular, os resultados foram divergentes. Já a resistência muscular indicou, em alguns estudos, melhor desempenho na fase folicular. Conclusão: O desempenho de força muscular pode variar ao longo do ciclo menstrual, porém as diferenças observadas são pequenas e inconsistentes, não sustentando recomendações gerais de modulação do treinamento baseadas exclusivamente nas fases do ciclo.
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